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MERS-COV (21): EGYPT,
ANIMAL RESERVOIR, CAMEL, ex SUDAN, CONTROL,
REQUEST FOR INFORMATION
*****************************************************************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
Date: Mon 3 Apr 2017
Source: Agri-Ahram [in Arabic, trans. Mod.AB, edited]
<http://bit.ly/2nTnc66>
Veterinary quarantine in Abu Simbel, Aswan governorate, released a
batch of Sudanese camels after the laboratory analysis conducted on
samples taken from the animals confirmed they were free from all
contagious diseases. However, the results showed that 60 camels were
suspected of being infected with MERS-CoV and were retained in
quarantine and placed under strict veterinary observation.
The port of Arqin al-Bari, south of Aswan province, received an
imported shipment from Sudan. The shipment of imported camels, which
includes about 3400 heads of live camels, was transferred to Abu
Simbel city until completion of veterinary quarantine procedures.
The veterinary quarantine authorities took samples of the Sudanese
camels and sent them to the competent central laboratories to ensure
that the consignment of camels is free of epidemic diseases before
allowing them to be released and put on markets.
[Byline: Mohamed Abulhassan]
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-MENA
<promed-mena@promedmail.org>
[This is a preventive measure that aims at avoiding or at least
limiting the risk of human contact with the animals supposedly
contaminated with MERS-CoV.
Egypt often imports camels from Sudan and such finding is recurrently
made. The relevance of such measure can be questioned as the imported
animals are intended only for consumption. - Mod.AB
The following summary of a recent paper, presenting observations from
Egypt on MERS-CoV in camels and other mammals during the period August
2015 to January 2016 (Ref 1) may add some useful background:
"A cross-sectional study was conducted in Egypt to determine the
prevalence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV)
in imported and resident camels and bats, as well as to assess
possible transmission of the virus to domestic ruminants and equines.
A total of 1031 sera, 1078 nasal swabs, 13 rectal swabs, and 38 milk
samples were collected from 1078 camels in different types of sites.
In addition, 145 domestic animals and 109 bats were sampled.
"Overall, of 1031 serologically-tested camels, 871 (84.5 percent) had
MERS-CoV neutralising antibodies.
Seroprevalence was significantly higher in imported (614/692; 88.7
percent) than resident camels (257/339; 5.8) (p less than 0.05).
Camels from Sudan (543/594; 91.4 percent) had a higher seroprevalence
than those from East Africa (71/98; 72.4 percent) (p less than 0.05).
Sampling site and age were also associated with MERS-CoV
seroprevalence (p less than 0.05). All tested samples from domestic
animals and bats were negative for MERS-CoV antibodies except one
sheep sample which showed a 1:640 titre.
"Of 1078 camels, 41 (3.8 percent) were positive for MERS-CoV genetic
material. Sequences obtained were not found to cluster with clade A or
B MERS-CoV sequences and were genetically diverse. The presence of
neutralising antibodies in one sheep apparently in contact with
seropositive camels calls for further studies on domestic animals in
contact with camels."
It deserves to be mentioned that none of the 91 tested Egyptian bats
was positive for MERS-CoV neutralising antibodies.
Subscribers may wish to access the full paper at
<http://www.eurosurveillance.org/images/dynamic/EE/V22N11/art22743.pdf>.
Detailed results of similar surveillance activities which might have
been applied in other Middle Eastern countries, where seropositive
camels are known to be present without reported human infection, in
case available, will be much appreciated.
Reference
---------
Ali M, El-Shesheny R, Kandeil A , et al: Cross-sectional surveillance
of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in
dromedary camels and other mammals in Egypt, August 2015 to January
2016. Euro Surveill. 2017; 22(11): pii=30487. doi:
10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2017.22.11.30487.
- Mod.AS
REQUEST FOR INFORMATION
*****************************************************************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
Date: Mon 3 Apr 2017
Source: Agri-Ahram [in Arabic, trans. Mod.AB, edited]
<http://bit.ly/2nTnc66>
Veterinary quarantine in Abu Simbel, Aswan governorate, released a
batch of Sudanese camels after the laboratory analysis conducted on
samples taken from the animals confirmed they were free from all
contagious diseases. However, the results showed that 60 camels were
suspected of being infected with MERS-CoV and were retained in
quarantine and placed under strict veterinary observation.
The port of Arqin al-Bari, south of Aswan province, received an
imported shipment from Sudan. The shipment of imported camels, which
includes about 3400 heads of live camels, was transferred to Abu
Simbel city until completion of veterinary quarantine procedures.
The veterinary quarantine authorities took samples of the Sudanese
camels and sent them to the competent central laboratories to ensure
that the consignment of camels is free of epidemic diseases before
allowing them to be released and put on markets.
[Byline: Mohamed Abulhassan]
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-MENA
<promed-mena@promedmail.org>
[This is a preventive measure that aims at avoiding or at least
limiting the risk of human contact with the animals supposedly
contaminated with MERS-CoV.
Egypt often imports camels from Sudan and such finding is recurrently
made. The relevance of such measure can be questioned as the imported
animals are intended only for consumption. - Mod.AB
The following summary of a recent paper, presenting observations from
Egypt on MERS-CoV in camels and other mammals during the period August
2015 to January 2016 (Ref 1) may add some useful background:
"A cross-sectional study was conducted in Egypt to determine the
prevalence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV)
in imported and resident camels and bats, as well as to assess
possible transmission of the virus to domestic ruminants and equines.
A total of 1031 sera, 1078 nasal swabs, 13 rectal swabs, and 38 milk
samples were collected from 1078 camels in different types of sites.
In addition, 145 domestic animals and 109 bats were sampled.
"Overall, of 1031 serologically-tested camels, 871 (84.5 percent) had
MERS-CoV neutralising antibodies.
Seroprevalence was significantly higher in imported (614/692; 88.7
percent) than resident camels (257/339; 5.8) (p less than 0.05).
Camels from Sudan (543/594; 91.4 percent) had a higher seroprevalence
than those from East Africa (71/98; 72.4 percent) (p less than 0.05).
Sampling site and age were also associated with MERS-CoV
seroprevalence (p less than 0.05). All tested samples from domestic
animals and bats were negative for MERS-CoV antibodies except one
sheep sample which showed a 1:640 titre.
"Of 1078 camels, 41 (3.8 percent) were positive for MERS-CoV genetic
material. Sequences obtained were not found to cluster with clade A or
B MERS-CoV sequences and were genetically diverse. The presence of
neutralising antibodies in one sheep apparently in contact with
seropositive camels calls for further studies on domestic animals in
contact with camels."
It deserves to be mentioned that none of the 91 tested Egyptian bats
was positive for MERS-CoV neutralising antibodies.
Subscribers may wish to access the full paper at
<http://www.eurosurveillance.org/images/dynamic/EE/V22N11/art22743.pdf>.
Detailed results of similar surveillance activities which might have
been applied in other Middle Eastern countries, where seropositive
camels are known to be present without reported human infection, in
case available, will be much appreciated.
Reference
---------
Ali M, El-Shesheny R, Kandeil A , et al: Cross-sectional surveillance
of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in
dromedary camels and other mammals in Egypt, August 2015 to January
2016. Euro Surveill. 2017; 22(11): pii=30487. doi:
10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2017.22.11.30487.
- Mod.AS
………………
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